Black Holes, Tides, and Curved Spacetime – Understanding Gravity
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The cosmos is ruled by gravity. It regulates our daily life on Earth as well as the motions of the skies above. Despite this, it is one of the least understood of all natural forces. To try to grasp this basic force is to rediscover something as simple as getting out of bed, tossing a ball, or diving into a pool; and it provides profound insight into the cosmos’ core organizing mechanism.
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Consider the following critical characteristics of gravity:
The rising and falling of tides is governed by gravity—not only tides in the water, but tides in the solid rock of Earth itself.
Gravity shapes the sun and planets into spheres and keeps celestial objects in orbit.
Gravity ignites the nuclear flames within each star, which then struggles for billions of years to determine its fate.
Gravity gathers stars into galaxies and causes galaxies to collide in complicated mergers that supercomputers can simulate.
Everything would melt into a gas of randomly interacting atoms if gravity did not exist. It is the only genuinely global force, influencing not just matter but also light, time, and, at a fundamental level, all information. Gravity research aided the 17th century Scientific Revolution, and it remains at the forefront of physics today, as scientists use gravity to probe otherwise inaccessible phenomena such as dark matter and dark energy. Understanding gravity—what it is, how it works, and why it is the most powerful and perplexing force in the universe—is both endlessly intriguing and accessible to anybody who is inquisitive, regardless of science background.
Understanding Black Holes, Tides, and Curved Spacetime Gravity immerses you in this fascinating subject through 24 intensely illustrated half-hour courses delivered by Kenyon College Professor Benjamin Schumacher. Professor Schumacher is an award-winning instructor, a notable theoretical physicist, and a protégé of gravity theorist John Archibald Wheeler, who originated the phrase “black hole.”
There is no book or equivalent product that teaches gravity in such intelligible depth as this course, which covers the fundamental ideas in gravity research over the past 400 years and provides you the basis to grasp today’s ground-breaking physics theories. Professor Schumacher also walks you through some of the field’s fundamental equations, such as Isaac Newton’s law of universal gravitation and Albert Einstein’s equation governing the curvature of spacetime by matter, giving you a firsthand look at the power of these mathematical expressions to explain reality—along with additional opportunities to explore them with the course guidebook.
It All Began with an Apple
Newton’s famous apple, which fell from a tree and sparked a revolutionary concept, kicks off the course. Newton realized that the force of gravity that acts on an apple near Earth’s surface also extends to the faraway moon, keeping it in orbit around Earth; similarly, the gravity of the sun keeps Earth and the other planets in orbit around the sun, and so on with all the stars and planets throughout the cosmos.
You will discover how Newton relied on the previous work of Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler to develop his famous law of universal gravitation, which controls the analysis of almost all motion—on Earth and in the skies. You examine the various consequences of this astounding feat in the first part of the course. The second part of the film shows how Einstein’s general theory of relativity answered long-standing difficulties in Newton’s theory and established a completely new view of gravity as a field. In Professor Schumacher’s excellent explanation, the straightforward logic that led Einstein to his astounding findings is exhilarating to follow.
Equally exciting are the unexpected properties of gravity that you examine, such as these:
Gravity is a million, trillion, trillion, trillion times weaker than the electromagnetic attraction that attracts electrons to protons and binds atoms together. Which begs the question, how can a force as weak as gravity dominate all other forces?
Galileo was the first to notice that objects of varying masses fall at the same pace. A heavier object does not fall faster than a lighter one when air resistance is ignored—a principle famously illustrated by an astronaut on the moon using a hammer and a feather.
The weightlessness that astronauts experience in space is not due to the absence of gravity, which is practically as powerful in low Earth orbit as it is on Earth. Because they are in free fall, space explorers experience apparent zero gravity.
Gravity, according to Einstein, is not a force at all. It is a bending of the universe’s four-dimensional fabric known as spacetime. A falling body controlled only by gravity takes the most cost-effective path through curved spacetime, known as a geodesic.
From Black Holes to the Universe Expanding
While gravity is a perplexing phenomena, it also lends itself to simple experiments that provide light on its peculiar qualities. Professor Schumacher gives captivating in-studio examples of how physicists explore gravity. From Galileo’s investigation of falling objects to Henry Cavendish’s determination of the all-important gravitational constant, to Arthur Eddington’s proof that light bends as it approaches the sun, to today’s search for the almost infinitely subtle signature of gravitational waves, our understanding of gravity has advanced. With a plethora of instructive images and striking animations, the lectures bring this important study to life.
This course also introduces you to one of Einstein’s general theory of relativity’s most astonishing predictions: black holes. Discover how Einstein’s theory depicts warped areas of spacetime that are cut off from the rest of the cosmos. Or do they? Professor Schumacher explains how physicists Stephen Hawking and Jacob Bekenstein uncovered an unexpected exception to this rule regarding black holes that has far-reaching consequences for the cosmos.
Another result of Einstein’s equations is that the cosmos should be expanding, as found by Edwin Hubble in the 1920s. Recently, scientists discovered that this expansion is accelerated due to an unfathomable cosmic antigravity called as dark energy. You delve into other puzzles, such as the hunt for a theory that incorporates both gravity, which spreads its reach over the cosmos, and quantum mechanics, which regulates events at the smallest conceivable scale.
Professor Schumacher brings you to the cutting edge of current physics in Black Holes, Tides, and Curved Spacetime to investigate numerous new hypotheses. It’s just one of the numerous examples of how gravity research is as as fascinating now as it was when Isaac Newton sat beneath an apple tree and had a wonderful notion.
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